Height:
60–120 cm (tall taproot herb)
Ecological Functions:
- Deep taproot breaks dense clay
- Dynamic accumulator (Ca, K, Mg, S)
- Improves water infiltration on slopes
- Supports pollinators and predators
- Excellent pioneer for disturbed or compacted soil
- Livestock-friendly forage (if desired)
Best Placement:
- Mid-slope to lower-slope orchard
- Naturalised in open, sunny sections
- Between tree rows for soil renovation
- Avoid heavy shade
Pairs Best With:
- Apple
- Pear
- Plum
- Persimmon
- Walnut (tolerant of juglone)
- Chestnut
- Feijoa
- Citrus
- Mulberry
Suitability:
Excellent for cool temperate climates; thrives in clay-rich soil.